Gallstones are small stones that form in the gallbladder. Many people have no symptoms at first, but others get sudden, cramping pain in the upper right or middle of the abdomen that can spread to the back or shoulder. This is often called biliary colic. Attacks may follow a fatty meal and can last from minutes to a few hours, sometimes with nausea or vomiting.
When gallstones cause repeated pain or complications such as inflammation of the gallbladder or pancreatitis, treatment is recommended. The goal is to stop further attacks, avoid emergency admissions, and help you return to normal life quickly.
Common symptoms
Pain is the main symptom. It can be sharp or dull, steady or cramping, and may wake you at night. Some people notice bloating, indigestion, or a bitter taste. Fever or jaundice are warning signs that need urgent help.
How gallstones are diagnosed
Your doctor will take a history and examine your abdomen. An ultrasound scan is usually enough to confirm gallstones. If the bile duct might be involved, further tests can include blood tests and targeted imaging. These checks guide the safest treatment plan for you.
Treatment options
If you have symptoms, the standard treatment is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This keyhole operation removes the gallbladder through several small cuts. It prevents further gallstone attacks and is a day-case procedure for most people. If stones are suspected in the bile duct, your surgeon may do a dye X-ray during the operation or arrange a separate procedure to clear the duct.
Painkillers and a short period of a low-fat diet can help you manage symptoms while you plan surgery, but they do not remove the stones.
Recovery and results
Most people go home the same day and are walking comfortably within hours. Expect some shoulder-tip discomfort from the gas used during keyhole surgery, which fades over a day or two. You can usually return to desk work in about a week and resume exercise after 2 to 3 weeks. Most people eat normally after the operation. A few notice looser stools for a short time which usually settles.
When to seek help
Seek urgent help if your pain is severe and constant, if you have a fever, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or dark urine. These may be signs of a blockage or infection that needs prompt treatment.
Next steps
If you have had repeated painful episodes or your scan shows gallstones, book a consultation to discuss laparoscopic gallbladder removal and recovery in detail.